Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS).

3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid may attenuate the TNF-α±- and LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4 expression-mediated activation of the Akt, ERK and NF-κB pathways, it may exert an inhibitory effect against the pro-inflammatory mediator-induced skin disease.

Nandrolone acetate is a competitive inhibitor of isomerase with the Ki of 7 μM for Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosreroni.